Republic - v - Toledano

Facts:
1.    1990, a verified petition filed before the RTC Iba, Zambales, spouses Clouse sought to adopt minor, Solomon Joseph Alcala, the younger brother of Evelyn Clouse
2.    The principal evidence disclose that private respondent Alvin A. Clouse is a natural born citizen of the USA. He married Evelyn, a Filipino at Olongapo City. Evelyn became a naturalized citizen of the United States of America in Guam.
3.    They are physically, mentally, morally, and financially capable of adopting Solomon, 12 year old minor. He was and has been under the care and custody of private respondents.
4.    Solomon gave his consent to the adoption. His mother, Nery Alcala, a widow, likewise consented to the adoption due to poverty and inability to support and educate her son. The social worker assigned to conduct the Home and Child Study, favorably recommended the adoption.
5.    RTC granted the petition for adoption.
6.    Petitioner, through the OSG appealed to us for relief, contending: "THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN GRANTING THE PETITION FOR ADOPTION OF ALVIN AND EVELYN CLOUSE, BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT QUALIFIED TO ADOPT UNDER PHILIPPINE LAW."

Issue: WON private respondents spouses Alvin A. Clouse and Evelyn A. Clouse who are aliens has the right to adopt under Philippine Law

Held/Ratio: GRANTED. RTC decision REVERSED.
            Under Articles 184 and 185 of the Family Code, private respondents spouses Clouse are clearly barred from adopting Solomon Joseph Alcala. Article 184, enumerates the persons who are not qualified to adopt, viz: An alien, except: (a) A former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative by consanguinity; (b) One who seeks to adopt the legitimate child of his or her Filipino spouse; or (c ) One who is married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly with his or her spouse a relative by consanguinity of the latter.
            Alvin A. Clouse is not qualified to adopt Solomon Joseph Alcala. 1) he is not a former Filipino citizen 2) Solomon Joseph Alcala is neither his relative by consanguinity nor the legitimate child of his spouse 3) Evelyn A. Clouse was no longer a Filipino citizen.
            Evelyn A. Clouse may appear to qualify pursuant to paragraph 3(a) unfortunately, the petition for adoption cannot be granted in her favor. Article 185 requires a joint adoption by the husband and wife, a condition that must be read along together with Article 184.

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