REPUBLIC - v - MOLINA

Feb. 13, 1997, GR 108763
Ponente: Panganiban, J.

Facts:
1.     Roridel and Reynaldo Molina were married on April 12, 1985 in Manila, had one son (Andre), that after 1 year of marriage husband showed signs of “immaturity and irresponsibility” as husband and a father
2.     Wife claims …
            - He preferred to spend more time with his peers and friends who he squandered his money
            - He depended on his parents for aid and assistance
            - Never honest to her regarding their finances
            - He was relieved from his hob in February 1986 and since then wife has been the sole breadwinner of the family
3.     In October 1986 they had an intense quarrel that estranged their relationship
4.     In March 1987 wife resigned from her job n Manila and lived with her parents in Baguio
5.     Husband left Roridel and her child
6.     Reynaldo answers they could no longer live as husband and wife and the misunderstandings and the quarrels were because of …
            - Wife’s strange behaviour of insisting on maintaining her group of friends even after their marriage
            - Wife’s refusal to perform some of her marital duties
            - Wife’s failure to run the household and handle their finances
7.     RTC rendered the judgment decrying the marriage VOID. CA affirmed.

Issue: WON the decision of CA and RTC correct in rendering the subject marriage void due to psychological incapacity

Held/Ratio: PETITION GRANTED. ASSAILED DECISION IS REVERSED AND SET ASIDE.

CA decision: “As a ground for annulment to marriage, we view psychological incapacity as a broad range of mental and behavioural conduct on the part of one spouse indicative of how he or she regards the marital union, and his or her personal relationship with the other spouse, as well as his or her conduct in the long haul for the attainment of the principal objectives of marriage. If said conduct observed and considered as a whole, tends to cause the union to self-destruct because it defeats the very objectives of marriage, then there is enough reason to leave the spouses to their individual fates.”

Solicitor General: Opposing and conflicting personalities is not equivalent to psychological incapacity

Court invited two Amici Curiae: Most Reverend Oscar Cruz (Vicar Judicial of the National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal of the Catholic Church in the Philippines) and Justice Ricardo Puno (member of the Family Code Revision Committee) submitted guidelines in interpretation and application of Art. 36 of the Family Code.

1.     The burden of proof show the nullity of the marriage belongs to the plaintiff.
2.     The root cause of the psychological incapacity must be
            a. medically or clinically identified
            b. alleged in the complaint
            c. sufficiently proven by experts
            d. clearly explained in the decision.
3.     The incapacity must be proven to be existing at “the time of the celebration” of the marriage.
4.     Such incapacity must be known to be medically or clinically permanent or incurable.
5.     Such illness must be grave enough to bring about the disability of the party to assume the essential obligations of marriage.
6.     The essental marital obligations must be those embraced by Article 68 unto 71 of the Family Code as regards the husband and wife as well as Art. 220, 221 and 225 of the same Code in regard to parents and children.
7.     Interpretations given by the National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal of the catholic Church in the Philippines, while not controlling or decisive, should be given great respect by our courts.
8.     The trial court must order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal and the Solicitor General to appear as counsel for the State.

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